Palestrante: Eduardo Novaes (CCNH-UFABC)
Título: Topological quantum phase transitions from a quantum information perspective
Resumo: In my previous colloquium at UFABC I presented the celebrated quote from P. W. Anderson that “more is different”. I introduced the idea of the renormalization group and how quantum phase transitions are usually studied. In this new colloquium I will keep presenting the “more is different” mantra, but now on a complete different problem: “Topological Phases”.
Topological phases have been central to many recent developments in physics. They play interesting roles in very distinct areas such as quantum computing, exotic materials and even quantum gravity. The key idea behind topological phases is that they do not follow Landau´s paradigm (they do not have a local order parameter that characterizes the phase). Hence, in this colloquium, I will discuss how a topological phase is defined and it is related to a lattice Gauge theory and Quantum Error Correction. We will use, as a working horse, the simplest possible topological model: the Toric code. In the final part of the colloquium I will discuss how topological phases can be destroyed by extra terms in the Hamiltonian and how suitable perturbation theories can be used to analyze these destructions.
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